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English Pronunciation

English pronunciation is famously inconsistent with its spelling — and there's a specific historical reason for it, not just accumulated randomness.

The Great Vowel Shift

Between roughly the 1400s and 1600s, English underwent a major, sweeping change in how long vowels were pronounced — the Great Vowel Shift. The problem: much of English spelling had already become standardized (partly due to the spread of the printing press) before the shift finished, freezing many spellings in place while the actual pronunciation kept changing underneath them. This single historical event explains a large share of why English spelling and pronunciation don't line up today.

Silent letters

Words like "knight," "island," and "debt" carry letters that are no longer pronounced at all — remnants of earlier pronunciation or, in some cases, spelling changes made to visually resemble Latin, rather than reflecting how the word was ever actually said in English.

Stress-timed rhythm

English rhythm is "stress-timed" — stressed syllables occur at roughly even intervals, with unstressed syllables compressed to fit, rather than every syllable taking equal time (as in "syllable-timed" languages). This is a major part of what gives spoken English its distinctive rhythm and makes some non-native accents sound different even with correct individual sounds.

Tarc does not yet offer a English course — it's planned for a future release, built on the same gamified, spaced-repetition method as the existing Arabic and Latvian courses. Ask to be notified when English launches.

Frequently asked questions

Why doesn't English spelling match its pronunciation?

Largely because of the Great Vowel Shift, a major change in vowel pronunciation between roughly the 1400s and 1600s that happened after much of English spelling had already become fixed, freezing old spellings alongside new pronunciations.

Why does English have silent letters?

Many reflect older pronunciations that have since dropped (as in "knight"), while others were added later to visually resemble Latin spelling rather than to represent any sound actually spoken in English.

What does 'stress-timed rhythm' mean for English?

It means stressed syllables occur at roughly even intervals, with unstressed syllables compressed to fit around them, rather than every syllable taking equal time — a major contributor to English's distinctive spoken rhythm.

Will pronunciation audio be available once the English course launches?

That's the plan, matching the audio-based approach already used in Tarc's existing courses.

Get notified when English launches on Tarc →

See also: English Alphabet · English Listening & Speaking · Learn English